United Kingdom
UK labels use an A–G scale. Compare annual kWh figures rather than letters across different label generations.
More on UKBuying guide
Draft / Under researchRefrigeration, food practices and mindful energy use.
Refrigerators are a practical part of many modern households. For families with particular food preparation, storage or fasting routines, the right choice may depend on how the appliance is used as well as its specifications. Consider size, energy consumption, food organisation, maintenance and materials that manufacturers can actually document.
Last reviewed · Concept draft, not yet independently reviewed
Why it matters
A refrigerator runs continuously for ten years or more, so energy use accumulates. It also shapes how a household stores, plans and wastes food.
Households differ in how they use refrigeration; this guide helps you choose a model that suits your own practice rather than recommending a single approach.
Household practices and differing interpretations
Some households have particular routines around food preparation, storage time or fasting days, and may use a refrigerator differently from others, or choose not to use one for certain foods. This guide does not take a position on those practices. It aims to help you pick an appliance that supports yours.
Please note
We do not suggest that refrigeration itself violates Jain principles. Practice varies, and the purpose here is practical information.
Temperature control and safe storage
Food safety guidance generally recommends keeping the fridge compartment cold enough to slow bacterial growth, with a separate lower temperature for the freezer. Check your national food safety agency's current advice, and use a thermometer to confirm the actual temperature in your appliance.
Avoiding waste
Right-sizing is one of the most effective choices. An oversized refrigerator uses more energy and invites over-stocking. Organised shelves, clear containers and a regular clear-out reduce waste.
Energy use
Energy labels allow like-for-like comparison of models in the same category. Compare annual consumption figures rather than letter classes alone, because label scales have been revised in some countries and class letters from different years are not comparable.
Maintenance
Clean door seals, defrost where required, avoid placing the unit next to heat sources and keep condenser coils free of dust. Regular maintenance extends life and lowers energy use.
Questions for manufacturers
Manufacturers can usually document refrigerant type, energy consumption, noise and warranty. They may be unable to document every plastic, coating or adhesive, so be specific about what you are asking.
What to look for
- Capacity that fits your household and shopping pattern.
- Official annual energy consumption in kWh.
- Refrigerant type and the manufacturer's disposal information.
- Availability of spare parts such as door seals, shelves and thermostats.
- Warranty length and local service.
Common unknowns
These are things that are often not disclosed. Record them as not verified, never as safe.
- Materials in seals, shelves, insulation foam blowing agents and adhesives.
- Whether published energy figures reflect real-world conditions in your kitchen.
Questions to ask
- What is the rated annual energy consumption of this exact model in my country?
- Which refrigerant does it use, and how should it be disposed of?
- How long are spare parts available?
- Can you document the materials of any component I'm concerned about?
Comparison criteria
- Annual energy consumption (kWh)
- Usable capacity (litres)
- Refrigerant type
- Repairability and spare parts
- Noise level
- Evidence status for materials of concern
Country differences
Use the Country selector in the header to bring your country to the top.
United States
Look for ENERGY STAR and the yellow EnergyGuide label for estimated annual energy use. US refrigerators are often larger than those in other markets.
More on USACanada
EnerGuide labels and ENERGY STAR Canada apply. Cold garages and basements can affect some freezers, so check the manufacturer's ambient temperature range.
More on CanadaAustralia
The star-rating label and the Energy Rating database let you compare models; in hot regions check the climate class of the appliance.
More on AustraliaWhat we know
- Right-sizing and maintenance have a measurable effect on energy use.
- Energy labels compare efficiency, not materials.
What remains unclear
- Component-level material disclosures are rarely available.
- How individual households weigh the role of refrigeration in their practice.
Sources and references
- EU EPREL appliance database(opens in a new tab)EU database; check applicability to your market.
- ENERGY STAR(opens in a new tab)
External links are research leads, not endorsements. Check the current page, publication date and scope before relying on them.
Last reviewed . Spotted an error or have newer evidence? Tell us.